The question of the state is acquiring at present a particular importance, both as theory, and from the point of view of practical politics. The imperialist war has greatly accelerated and intensified the transformation of monopoly capitalism into state-monopoly capitalism. The monstrous oppression of the labouring masses by the state-which connects itself more and more intimately with the all-powerful capitalist combines-is becoming ever more monstrous. The foremost countries are being converted-we speak here of their “rear”-into military convict labour prisons for the workers. The unheard-of horrors and miseries of the protracted war are making the position of the masses unbearable and increasing their indignation. An international proletarian revolution is clearly rising. The question of its relation to the state is acquiring a practical importance.