For more than twenty years prior to 1940, Robert Murphy pursued a conventional career in the Department of State, advancing through grades from clerk to Counselor of Embassy at Paris. His years of apprenticeship as a Foreign Service officer consisted of a mixture of routine assignments and discipline and lots of hard work. But he also had golden opportunities to observe the vast changes produced in Europe by World War I, especially the budding Nazi movement which he witnessed while living in Munich across the street from Hitler. There was nothing sensational about this first half of Murphy’s diplomatic career and it could have ended that way, as the careers of most Foreign Service officers do. But the nature of his work changed abruptly after the defeat of France, when President Roosevelt summoned him to the White House for a private conference which transformed the conventional diplomat into the President’s own personal representative in French Africa.

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